RkhH 2000 Mz;LfSf;Fk; Nkw;gl;l tuyhw;wWg; ngUikapidf; nfhz;byq;Fk; kl;lf;fsg;Gg; gpuNjrk; <oj;jpd; fpof;F kw;Wk; njd;fpof;fhf tlf;Nf ntUfy; MW njhlf;fk; njw;Nf khzpf;f fq;if tiuAk; tpahgpj;jpUe;jJ. fpof;Nf tq;fhs tpupFlhTk; Nkw;Nf nty;yir Cth kiyj;njhlUk; mjd; kW vy;iyfshf mike;jpUe;jd.RkhH 210 fpNyhkPw;wH ePsj;ijAk; 70 fpNyhkPw;wH mfyj;ijAk; cs;slf;fpapUe;j ,g;gpuNjrk; nea;jy;> kUjk;>Ky;iy> FwpQ;rp Mfpa ehy;tif epyq;fisAk; nfhz;L kpspHe;jJ. fp.gp 1k; E}w;whz;bypUe;Nj kl;lf;fsg;gpd; FWepy murhd cd;duRfpupapd; njw;nfy;iyahf khzpf;f fq;if Fwpg;gplg;gLtijAk; fp.gp 13k; E}w;whz;Lf;Fupa Fsf;Nfhl;ld; fy;ntl;Lg; ghlypy; mtdhy; khdpak; toq;fg;gl;l kl;lf;fsg;G gpuNjr Myaq;fspy; xd;whf fjpHfhkk; Fwpg;gplg;gLtijAk; NrhoH Ml;rpf; fhyj;jpy; kl;lf;fsg;gpd; Ml;rpg; gpujpepjpfspy; xUtH fl;lfhkj;jpypUe;J gzpahw;wpaikAk; Mq;fpNyaH Ml;rpf; fhyj;jpy; rk;khd;Jiw vjpHkd;drpq;f td;dpadpd; gzpapl thr];jykhf fl;lfhkk; td;dpadhH tPL mike;jpUe;jikAk; tuyhw;Wg; gjpTfshfTs;sd.

njhlf;ffhy kl;lf;fsg;Gg; gpuNjrk; rk;khd; Jiwia ikag;gLj;jpajhfNt mike;jpUe;jJ.rk;khd; Jiw gpw;gl;L te;j ngauhFk;. tpahghug; nghUl;fis Vw;wpf;nfhz;LtUk; K];ypk; tHj;jfHfspd; rk;khd; vdg;gLk; ehtha;fs; jupf;Fk;Jiwahf mt;tplk; khwpajhy; gpw;fhyj;Nj kl;lf;fsg;G rk;khd;Jiw vDk; ngaiug; ngWtjhapw;W. mq;F ,d;Wk; njd;gLk; kl;lf;fsg;Gj; juit vd;Dk; ngaH xU tuyhw;Wr; rhd;whff; nfhs;sg;glj;jf;fNj. kl;lkhd fsg;G epyg;gFjp ,Jntd;gjhy; ,g;ngaupid ,J ngWtjhapw;W. NghHj;Jf; NfaH ,jid kl;lf;nfhsh MATTACOLA vd;Nw Fwpg;gpl;ldH. kl;lf;nfhshit gl;bf;nfhyh ( BATTICOLA ) vd khw;wpatHfs; xy;yhe;juhtH. lr;Rf;fhuH thapy; k Ma tuhJ vd;gJ nghJthd $w;W. Ma it Ba vd cr;rupf;Fk; gof;fj;ijNa mtHfs; nfhz;ltHfs;. Mq;fpNyaupd; vOj;JUthf;fj;jpy; ,J BATTICALOA vd vOjg;glyhapw;W. gz;ila tuyhw;Wf; Fwpg;Gfspy; <ok; Nrud;jPT SERENTIV vdTk; kl;lf;fsg;G njd;dpyq;fhGup kw;Wk; kiyaH FfehL vdTk; Fwpg;gplg;gLtij mtjhdpf;fyhk;. kiyaH vd;gJ kiy ehl;bduhd Nruj;Jf; FbfisAk; FfH vd;gJ fypq;f ehl;bduhd Fff; FbfisAk; Fwpg;gdthf mikAk;. njd;dpyq;fhGup vd;gJ ,uhtzdpd; Nfhl;il nfhj;jsq;fis ikag;gLj;jpnaOe;j ngauhFk;. gz;ilf; fhyj;Nj ehfHKidnad miof;fg;gl;l jpUf;Nfhtpypd; fpof;Ff; flw; gug;gpidAk; cs;slf;fpa gpuNjrkhf ,J mike;jpUe;jnjd;gJ xU ePz;lfhy ek;gpf;ifahFk;. flyiyfs; njhl;Lepw;Fk; cfe;ij kiyapy; ,uhtzdpd; epidthf ,d;Wk; tUle;NjhWk; Fwpj;j jpdj;jpy; jPgNkw;wp topgLtJ ,jd; mHj;jg;ghl;Lf;F tYr; NrHg;gjhf mikAk;. tuyhW mwpag;gl;l fp.K 236 njhlf;fk; fp.gp 1832 tiuahd fhyj;ijf; nfhz;bUe;j gz;ila kl;lf;fsg;Gg; gpuNjrk; Nfhy;GW}f;- fkNuhd; Mizf; FOtpd; khfhz vy;iyfs; kWrPuikg;Gg; gpufhuk; tpe;jidapd; ngUk;gFjp Cth khfhzj;Jld; ,izf;fg;gl gl;bg;gis vd Kd;dH miof;fg;gl;l fy;Nyhah Mw;Wr; rkntspapd; xU gFjp khj;jis khtl;lj;Jld; nrd;wJ. 1952y; fy;Nyhah miz fl;lg;gl;lijj; njhlHe;J Vw;gl;l ngUk;ghd;ikf; FbNaw;wj;jpd; gpd; kl;lf;fsg;Gg; gpuNjrk; kl;lf;fsg;G – mk;ghiu vd ,U khtl;lq;fshfg; gpupf;fg;gl;lNjhL kl;lf;fsg;Gg; gpuNjrj;Jld; xd;wpapUe;j kd;dk;gpl;bg; gpuNjrk; nghyeWit khtl;lj;Jld; ,izf;fg;glyhapw;W.

kl;lf;fsg;Gg; gpuNjrk; gw;wpa Gtpapay; Ma;Tfspd;gb NkyUk;gpajhff; fhzg;gLk; ghiw epyq;fs; nghJthd mtjhdpg;Gf;Fs;shfpd;wd.,jid ieRg; ghiwfs; vdf; Fwpg;gpLtH. fliy mz;bajhf ePz;L gue;Js;s cg;Ngup kl;lf;fsg;G thtp vd miof;fg;gLfpd;wJ. thtpia mz;bajhd Mw;Wg; gLf;iffspYk; jho;T epyg; gFjpfspYk; tz;lw; gbTfs;>kzy;>fsp kw;Wk; guy; gbtTfisAk; NkNyhq;fpr; nry;Yk; $ohq;fy; jpl;Lf;fisAk; fhzKbAk;. nghJthf ghHj;jhy; kl;lf;fsg;Gf;F ,aw;ifapd; nfhilahf tha;j;j ePH tsk;>epytsk;>tdtsk; vd;gtw;iw cs;slf;fpa epymikT kPd;gpb>tptrhak;> ke;ij tsHg;G> Nridg; gaph; Nghd;wtw;iw Nkw;nfhs;s Nghjpa tha;g;gpid mspg;gjhFk;.

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•  f.jq;Nf];tup vOjpa khNfhd; tuyhW> Fsf;Nfhl;ld; juprdk; kw;Wk; fpof;fpyq;if G+HtPf tuyhW Mfpait

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•  [dhg; V.MH.vk.; rypk; vOjpa mf;fiug;gw;W tuyhW

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j.rptuhkhy; vOjg;gl;l kl;lf;fsg;G njhlHghd Ma;Tf;fl;Liufs;

nghJthfg; ghHj;jhy; kl;lf;;fsg;Gg; gpuNjrk; xU Fwpg;gpl;l fhyj;Nj ,af;fH>ehfH> jpkpyH kw;Wk; Kw;FfH Nghd;Nwhupd; FOepiy Mjpf;f KiwapYk; mjd; gpd;dH xU ePz;l fhykhd mEuhjGuk; Ml;rpf;fhyj;Nj jdpj;Jtkpf;f rpw;wuR KiwapYk; epUtfpf;fg;gl;Ls;sik Gydhfpd;wJ. ,jpy; fypq;fUk; ,ilapilNa NruUk; jq;fs; mjpfhu epiyia epiyepWj;jpdH. fp.gp 10k; E}w;whz;bd; ,Wjpapy; mEuhjGuj;ijf; ifg;gw;wpa NrhoHfs; nghyeWitia ,Uf;ifahf;fpaJk; kl;lf;fsg;Gg; gpuNjrk; mtHfsJ iff;Fs; te;jJ. ,J fp.gp 1074 tiu ePbj;jJ. mjd; gpd;dH nghyeWit Ml;rpahsHfs; fp.gp 1215tiu kl;lf;fsg;igf; jq;fs; Nkyhjpf;fj;jpy; itj;jpUe;jdH. ,jd; gpd;dH nghyeWitiaf; ifg;gw;wpa fypq;f khNfhd; fp.gp 1215 - 1255 tiuahd RkhH ehw;gJ Mz;L fhyk; kl;lf;fsg;gpy; jdJ KOf; ftdj;ijAk; nrYj;jpapUe;jhd;. mtdhy; Kd;ndLf;fg;gl;l td;dpaH epUthf Kiwfs;> Fbtop- r%ff; fl;Lg;ghL Kiwikfs; kw;Wk; Mya epUthfr; nray;ghLfs; Nghd;witAk; fp.gp 9k; E}w;whz;L Kjy; nfhz;L eilKiwapypUe;jjhff; fUjg;gLk; Nruehl;bd; kUkf;fs; jhaj;ijnahj;j jha;top Kjpr Kw;Ffr; rl;lk; vd;gdTk; kl;lf;fsg;ig xU rpwg;ghd fl;likg;Gf;Fs; ,d;Wtiu epiyngwNt nra;Js;sd. fp.gp 14k; E}w;whzby; fz;b murpd; fPo; kl;lf;fsg;G te;jijj; njhlHe;J fypq;f Fyj;ijr; NrHe;j xUtH jiyik mjpgjpahf nghyeWitapypUe;J epUtfpf;f jpf;fjpgHfshf VwhT+H gFjpf;F gilahl;rp Fyk; rhHe;jtUk; kz;Kidg; gFjpf;F fypq;f Fyk; rhHe;jtUk; rk;khe;Jiwg; gFjpf;F gzpf;fH Fyk; rhHe;jtUk; cd;duRfpupf;F rpq;fH Fyk; rhHe;jtUk; (,tHfNs kuGtopr; rpq;fstH ); fp.gp 1622y; NghHj;Jf;Nfah; kl;lf;fsg;igf; ifg;gw;Wk;tiu njhlHe;Jk; mjpfhu epiyapypUe;jdH. ,jd;gpd; xU FWfpa fhyj;Js; 1637y; xy;yhe;jUk; gpd;dH 1802y; Mq;fpNyaUk; kl;lf;fsg;ig jq;fs; Mjpf;fg;gpbf;Fs; itj;jpUe;jdH.